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What is the I-V characteristic?
The I-V characteristic is a graphical representation of how a component's
current
(I) changes when the
potential difference
(V) changes.
Taking a look at the I-V graph
The graph typically has potential difference (V) on the x-axis and current (I) on the y-axis.
If the graph is a
straight line
passing through the
origin
, the component
obeys Ohm's Law
. If it's a curve, the opposite is true.
The
gradient
of the I-V graph at any point represents the reciprocal of the resistance
(1/R)
of the component at that
particular voltage
.
A
steeper gradient
means
lower resistance
, a
shallower gradient
means
higher resistance
.
I-V characteristic of an Ohmic conductor
When a metallic conductor is
Ohmic
, the I-V graph shows
a straight line passing through the origin
.
This means that
resistance is constant
and the conductor
obeys Ohm's Law
.
However, changes in
temperature and pressure
may cause the
resistance
to change, changing the
gradient
of the I-V graph.
I-V characteristic of an NTC thermistor
The I-V characteristic of an NTC thermistor is a
straight line (Ohmic)
when the
temperature remains constant
.
However, the
resistance decreases as the temperature increases
, causing the gradient of the I-V graph to increase.
Many thermometers use the resistance of an NTC thermistor to determine the temperature of the environment.
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